In 2016, the Ruderman Foundation published a white paper on the barriers that exist to electoral access of persons with disabilities in the United States, including:
- Insufficient poll worker training
- Access barriers to polls (including publicly available transportation)
- Access barriers to elections material and registration material prior to elections
- Stigma (including against developmental and psychiatric disabilities)
- Limitations on resources available to election officials
- Treatment of persons with intellectual, developmental, and psychosocial disabilities
