Japan

Constitution of Japan (1946, last amended 2012)

Updated: June 2015

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Article 15 states:

The people have the inalienable right to choose their public officials and to dismiss them…Universal adult suffrage is guaranteed with regard to the election of public officials. In all elections, secrecy of the ballot shall not be violated. A voter shall not be answerable, publicly or privately, for the choice he has made.

 

Excerpt from the Constitution of Japan (1946, last amended 2012)

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Article 78 states:

Judges shall not be removed except by public impeachment unless judicially declared mentally or physically incompetent to perform official duties...

 

Excerpt from the Constitution of Japan (1946, last amended 2012)

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Article 78 states:

Judges shall not be removed except by public impeachment unless judicially declared mentally or physically incompetent to perform official duties...

 

Excerpt from the Constitution of Japan (1946, last amended 2012)